Ukuqina
Ishubhu yensimbi engagqwali evame ukusetshenziswa i-brinell, i-Rockwell, i-Vickers izinkomba ezintathu zobulukhuni ukukala ubulukhuni bayo.
Ukuqina kweBrinell
Esilinganisweni seshubhu lensimbi engagqwali, ubulukhuni be-brinell yibo obusetshenziswa kakhulu, ngokuvamile ukuya kububanzi bokuhlehlisa ukuveza ubulukhuni bento, kokubili enembile futhi elula.Nokho, ayifaneleki amapayipi ensimbi aqinile noma amancane.
Ukuqina kwe-Rockwell
Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-Rockwell kweshubhu lensimbi engagqwali kuyafana nokuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-brinell, okuyindlela yokuhlola yokuhlehlisa.Umehluko wukuthi ikala ukujula kwe-indent.Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-Rockwell kuyindlela esetshenziswa kabanzi njengamanje, phakathi kwayo i-HRC ingeyesibili ngemva kokuqina kwe-Brinell HB kuzinga lepayipi lensimbi.Ubulukhuni be-Rockwell bungafakwa ukuze kunqunywe kusuka ezintweni zensimbi ezithambile kakhulu kuye kweziqine kakhulu, kwenza indlela ye-Brinell ayikho, ilula kunendlela ye-brinell, ingaba ngokuqondile kumshini wobulukhuni funda inani lobulukhuni.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuhlehlisa okuncane, inani lokuqina alinembile njengendlela ye-buchwald.
Vickers ubulukhuni
Ishubhu yensimbi engagqwali Ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni kwe-Vickers kuyindlela yokuhlola yokuhlehlisa, ingasetshenziswa ukunquma ubulukhuni bezinto zensimbi ezincane kakhulu kanye nongqimba lwangaphezulu.Inezinzuzo eziyinhloko zezindlela ze-Brinell ne-Rockwell futhi inqoba ukuntula kwayo okuyisisekelo, kodwa ayilula njengezindlela ze-Rockwell futhi ayivami ukusetshenziswa ezindinganisweni zamapayipi ensimbi.
Ukuhlolwa kokuqina
Ububanzi bangaphakathi bepayipi lensimbi engagqwali bungaphezu kuka-6.0mm, futhi ukujiya kodonga kungaphansi kuka-13mm.Ipayipi lensimbi engagqwali elifakwe emanzini lingahlolwa i-W-B75 Type Wechsler tester hardness.Kuyashesha futhi kulula, futhi kufanelekile ukuhlolwa okusheshayo nokungonakali kwepayipi lensimbi engagqwali.Ipayipi lensimbi engagqwali ububanzi bangaphakathi bukhulu kuno-30mm, ukujiya kodonga kukhulu kunepayipi lensimbi engagqwali elingu-1.2mm, isihloli sokuqina kwe-rockwell, ukuhlola i-HRB, ubulukhuni be-HRC.Amashubhu ensimbi engagqwali anobubanzi bangaphakathi obukhulu kuno-30mm nogqinsi olungaphansi kuka-1.2mm ahlolelwe ubulukhuni be-HRT noma i-HRN ngomhloli wokuqina we-Rockwell.Kumapayipi ensimbi engagqwali anobubanzi obungaphakathi obungaphansi kuka-0mm nangaphezulu kuka-4.8mm, isihloli sokuqina kwe-rockwell sisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ubulukhuni be-HR15T.Uma ububanzi bangaphakathi bepayipi lensimbi engagqwali bungaphezu kuka-26mm, ungasebenzisa futhi i-Rockwell noma isihloli sokuqina sokuqina kwe-Rockwell ukuze uhlole ubulukhuni bodonga lwangaphakathi lwepayipi.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwensimbi engagqwali
Zonke iziphetho ezimbili zesigaba sokuvula nesingenalutho, nobude baso kanye nomjikelezo wesigaba sensimbi enkulu, kungabizwa ngokuthi ipayipi lensimbi.Lapho ubude nomjikelezo wesigaba sokuqhathanisa kuncane, kungabizwa ngokuthi isigaba sepayipi noma ukufakwa kwamapayipi, bonke bayingxenye yemikhiqizo yamapayipi.
Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 abadwebi bezakhiwo besebenzisa insimbi engagqwali ukuze bakhe izakhiwo ezihlala njalo ezingabizi kakhulu.Izakhiwo eziningi ezikhona zikubonisa kahle ukunemba kwalokhu kukhetha.Ezinye zihlotshiswe kakhulu, njenge-Chrysler Building eNew York City.Kodwa kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi, insimbi engagqwali idlala indima encane kodwa ebalulekile kubuhle nokusebenza kwezakhiwo.Insimbi engagqwali, isibonelo, iyinto ekhethwa abaklami abakha imigwaqo yaseceleni ezindaweni ezinethrafikhi ephezulu ngoba imelana kakhulu nokuhuzuka nokuqhekeka kunezinye izinsimbi ezinogqinsi olufanayo.
Insimbi engagqwali isetshenziswe njengempahla yesakhiwo ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo ezintsha kanye nokubuyiselwa kwezindawo ezinomlando iminyaka engaphezu kwengama-70.Imiklamo yokuqala yayisekelwe ezimisweni eziyisisekelo zokubala.Namuhla, ukucaciswa kwedizayini, okufana ne-ANSI/ASCE-8-90 "Design Code for Cold-formed Stainless Stainless Steel Structural Parts" standard kanye "Structural Stainless Steel Design Manual" eshicilelwe ngokuhlanganyela yi-NiDI kanye ne-Euro Inox, yenze lula ukuklama impilo ende, izingxenye zesakhiwo ezinakekelwe kahle zezakhiwo.
Ukuthunyelwa kwensimbi engagqwali kuyingxenye ebalulekile yomnotho waseShayina ohweba kwamanye amazwe, kudlala indima ebalulekile ekugqugquzeleni ukukhula komnotho waseShayina, kodwa kusukela esimweni samanje sohwebo lwangaphandle lwaseShayina lwensimbi engagqwali, ukuthunyelwa kwensimbi engagqwali kwaseShayina kubhekane nokumelana okukhulu.
Kusukela ngonyaka odlule, phesheya kwezilwandle ngokuvamile beza emikhiqizweni yensimbi engagqwali e-China umlayezo othi "double reverse", unethonya elikhulu embonini yokuphonsa insimbi engagqwali eChina, futhi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuyingxenye enhle yokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yensimbi engagqwali ezweni lethu. , ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni inesabelo esikhulu semakethe, lapho kubhekene nokuwohloka komnotho, isivinini sokuthuthuka sihamba kancane, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yensimbi engagqwali ezweni lethu kufanele kuqhubeke kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ngcono ukuthuthukiswa kohwebo lwaphesheya kwezilwandle kanye nokuvikela uhwebo, imikhiqizo nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, izinsiza zamandla, imvelo yabantu, ithuthukisa ukuncintisana kwemikhiqizo yensimbi engagqwali, ngale ndlela kuphela lapho kungaba khona isikhundla esingenasici ekuhwebeni kwamanye amazwe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-23-2022