UBrearley wasungula insimbi engagqwali ngo-1916 wathola ilungelo lobunikazi laseBrithani futhi waqala ukukhiqiza ngobuningi, kuze kube manje, insimbi engagqwali etholwe ngephutha kudoti yaduma emhlabeni wonke, uHenry Brearley waziwa nangokuthi "ubaba wensimbi engagqwali".Phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, izibhamu zaseBrithani enkundleni yempi zazihlale zibuyiselwa emuva ngoba igumbi laligugile futhi lingasetshenziswa.Iminyango yokukhiqiza yezempi yayala ukuthi kuthuthukiswe insimbi enamandla yokumelana nokugqoka i-Breer Li, egxile ekuxazululeni inkinga yokuguga kwebhore.UBrearley kanye nomsizi wakhe baqoqa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zensimbi ezikhiqizwa ekhaya naphesheya, izici ezihlukahlukene ezihlukahlukene zensimbi ye-alloy, ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zemishini yokuhlolwa kokusebenza, bese ukhetha insimbi efaneleka kakhulu ibe izibhamu.Ngolunye usuku, bahlola uhlobo lwensimbi ye-alloy yasekhaya equkethe i-chromium eningi.Ngemva kokuhlolwa kokumelana nokugqoka, kwatholakala ukuthi le ngxube yayingagugi, okubonisa ukuthi yayingeke isetshenziselwe ukwenza izibhamu.Ngakho baqopha imiphumela yokuhlolwa base beyiphonsa ekhoneni.Ngolunye usuku, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, umsizi waphuthuma eBrearley nocezu lwensimbi olucwebezelayo."Mnumzane," esho, "ngithole ingxubevange evela kuMnu. Mullah ngenkathi ngihlanza inqolobane. Ungathanda ukuyihlola ukuze ubone ukuthi isebenziseka kanjani okukhethekile!""Kuhle!"Kusho uBrearley ngenjabulo ebuka insimbi ecwebezelayo.
Imiphumela yokuhlola ibonisa ukuthi ayiyesabi i-asidi, i-alkali, insimbi engagqwali kasawoti.Insimbi engagqwali yasungulwa i-mullah yaseJalimane ngo-1912, kodwa i-mullah yayingazi ukuthi iyenzeni.
UBrearley wazibuza: "Ingabe lolu hlobo lwensimbi, olungazweli ukuguga kodwa olumelana nokugqwala, lungasetshenziselwa i-tableware, hhayi izibhamu?"Wathi yomile, waqala ukwenza insimbi engagqwali izithelo ummese, imfoloko, isipuni, izithelo plate kanye ummese esongwayo.
Manje ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali kuyanda kakhulu, isidingo siyanda, bese okulandelayo ukukhuluma mayelana nokuhlukaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali.
Zonke izinsimbi ziphendulana nomoya-mpilo osemkhathini ukuze zenze ifilimu ye-oxide phezulu.Ngeshwa, i-iron oxide eyakha ku-carbon steel evamile iyaqhubeka nokukhipha i-oxidize, ivumela ukugqwala ukuba kwande futhi ekugcineni kwakhe izimbobo.Ingaphezulu le-carbon steel lingavikelwa ngokufakwa kwe-electroplating ngopende noma izinsimbi ezimelana ne-oxidization njenge-zinc, nickel ne-chromium, kodwa, njengoba kwaziwa, lokhu kuvikela kuyifilimu encane kuphela.Uma ungqimba oluvikelayo luphukile, insimbi engaphansi iqala ukugqwala.
Ingazwani nomoya, umusi, amanzi nokunye okubuthakathaka okugqwalayo okuphakathi ne-asidi, i-alkali, usawoti kanye namanye amakhemikhali okugqwala okuphakathi kwensimbi.Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-stainless acid - resistant steel.Ngokusebenza okungokoqobo, insimbi enokumelana nokugqwala okubuthakathaka ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi insimbi engagqwali, futhi insimbi enokumelana nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali ibizwa ngokuthi insimbi engamelana ne-asidi.Ngenxa yomehluko ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali, eyokuqala ayimelani ngempela nokugqwala okuphakathi kwamakhemikhali, kuyilapho yakamuva ikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala.Ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali 2 kuncike ezintweni ze-alloying eziqukethwe ensimbi.I-Chromium iyingxenye eyisisekelo yokwenza ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali.Uma okuqukethwe kwe-chromium kunsimbi kufinyelela cishe ku-12%, i-chromium nomoya-mpilo endaweni ebolayo kusabela ukwenza ifilimu ye-oxide ezacile kakhulu (ifilimu yokuzibamba) endaweni yensimbi, engavimbela ukugqwala okuqhubekayo kwe-matrix yensimbi.Ngaphezu kwe-chromium, izakhi ze-alloy ezivame ukusetshenziswa kanye ne-nickel, i-molybdenum, i-titanium, i-niobium, ithusi, i-nitrogen, njll., ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene kwesakhiwo sensimbi engagqwali nokusebenza.
Okwesibili, ukuhlukaniswa kwensimbi engagqwali ngokuvamile kuhlukaniswe:
1. Ferritic insimbi engagqwali.I-Chromium 12% ~ 30%.Ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo, ukuqina kanye nokushisela kwayo kuyanda ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-chromium, futhi ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kwengcindezi ye-chloride kungcono kunezinye izinsimbi ezingenasici.
2. Insimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic.Iqukethe i-chromium engaphezu kuka-18%, i-nickel engu-8% kanye nenani elincane le-molybdenum, i-titanium, i-nitrogen nezinye izakhi.Ukusebenza okuhle okubanzi, kungamelana nokugqwala kwezinhlobonhlobo zemidiya.
3. Austenitic ferrite duplex insimbi engagqwali.Inezinzuzo zensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic ne-ferritic, futhi ine-superplasticity.
4. Insimbi engagqwali ye-Martensitic.Amandla aphezulu, kodwa ipulasitiki empofu kanye nokushisela.
Okwesithathu, izici kanye nokusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali.
Okune, inqubo yensimbi engagqwali.
Ezinhlanu, izici zokupakisha zensimbi ngayinye kanye nemikhiqizo eyinhloko yokukhiqiza.
Ezinye izigayo zensimbi ezifuywayo: i-Shandong Taigang, i-Jiangyin Zhaoshun, i-Xinghua Dayan, i-Xi 'an Huaxin, iNingizimu-ntshonalanga, insimbi ekhethekile yaseMpumalanga, lezi zimboni ezincane zisebenzisa kakhulu ukucubungula imfucuza ukugoqa ipuleti, inqubo yokukhiqiza emuva, umehluko wepuleti, akukho siqinisekiso sokusebenza komshini, isici. okuqukethwe embonini enkulu kucishe kufane, intengo ishibhile kunefektri enkulu enemodeli efanayo.
Izigayo zensimbi ezingenisiwe: I-Shanghai Krupp, iNingizimu Afrika, iNyakatho Melika, iJapane, iBelgium, iFinland, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ibhodi obungenisiwe obuthuthukisiwe, ibhodi elihlanzekile nelihle kakhulu, i-trim trim, intengo iphakeme kunemodeli efanayo yasekhaya.
Imodeli eyisithupha, yensimbi engagqwali nosayizi: ipuleti lensimbi engagqwali liqukethe ivolomu kanye nevolumu yepuleti lokuqala:
1. I-Roll ihlukaniswe yaba umqulu obandayo ogoqiwe kanye nomqulu ogoqiwe oshisayo, u-cut edge roll kanye ne-raw edge roll.
2. Ugqinsi lwekhoyili egoqiwe ebandayo ngokuvamile luyi-0.3-3mm, kukhona ukujiya okungu-4-6mm kweshidi eligoqiwe elibandayo, ububanzi bungu-1m, 1219m, 1.5m, obuvezwa ngu-2B.
3. Ubukhulu bevolumu egoqiwe eshisayo ngokuvamile bungu-3-14mm, kukhona ivolumu engu-16mm, ububanzi buyi-1250, 1500, 1800, 2000, ne-NO.1.
4. Imiqulu enobubanzi obungu-1.5m, 1.8m kanye no-2.0m ayimiqulu enqenqemeni eyisikwe.
5. Ububanzi be-burr roll ngokuvamile bungu-1520, 1530, 1550, 2200 njalo njalo bubanzi kunobubanzi obujwayelekile.
6. Ngokwentengo, imodeli efanayo ye-cut edge roll kanye ne-raw edge roll ngokuvamile ihluka ngama-yuan angama-300-500.
7. Ivolumu ingalungiswa ngokuvumelana nobude bezidingo zamakhasimende, ngemva komshini wokuvula ubizwa ngokuthi ipuleti evulekile.Ukuvulwa okujwayelekile kokugoqa okubandayo okungu-1m*2m, 1219*2438 kubuye kubizwe ngokuthi izinyawo ezi-4*8, ukuvulwa okujwayelekile kokugoqa okushisayo okungu-1.5m*6m, 1.8m*6m, 2m*6m, ngokwalawa masayizi abizwa ngokuthi ipuleti elijwayelekile noma ipuleti losayizi ongashintshi.
Ipuleti lokuqala libizwa nangokuthi i-single sheet rolling:
1. Ukushuba ibhodi original ngokuvamile phakathi 4mm-80mm, kukhona 100mm futhi 120mm, lokhu ukujiya kungenziwa fixed rolling.
2. Ububanzi obungu-1.5m, 1.8m, 2m, ubude obungaphezu kuka-6m.
3. Izici: Ipuleti yasekuqaleni inomthamo omkhulu, izindleko eziphakeme, ukukhethwa okunzima nokuhamba okungahambi kahle.
Isikhombisa, umehluko wokuqina:
1. Ngenxa yokuthi umshini wokugaya insimbi kunqubo yokugingqika, umqulu ushisisa ukuwohloka okuncane, okuholela ebukhulu bokugoqwa kokuchezuka kwepuleti, ngokuvamile eliwugqinsi phakathi nendawo futhi mncane nhlangothi zombili.Lapho ukala ukujiya kwebhodi, umbuso kufanele ulinganise ingxenye ephakathi yekhanda lebhodi.
2. Ukubekezelelana kuvame ukuhlukaniswa kube ukubekezelelana okukhulu nokubekezelelana okuncane ngokuya ngemakethe kanye nesidingo samakhasimende.
Isishiyagalombili, ingxenye yensimbi engagqwali ngayinye:
1. 304, 304L, 304J1, 321, 201, 202 amandla adonsela phansi athile 7.93.
2. 316, 316L, 309S, 310S amandla adonsela phansi athize 7.98.
3. Ingxenye yochungechunge lwama-400 ngu-7.75.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-23-2022